Andy, thanks for these things. Your stuff is always very enlightening!<div><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div>Mike</div><div><br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, Feb 20, 2008 at 11:23 PM, Andy Farnell <<a href="mailto:padawan12@obiwannabe.co.uk">padawan12@obiwannabe.co.uk</a>> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">Avian syrinx revisited<br>
<br>
Synthetic birds have been done quite a bit, by Tamara Smyth (pressure impedance),<br>
Seppo Fagerlund (a three port waveguide) and Hans Mikelson ( a csound FM<br>
version ) [BTW if anybody else has got published models I don't of please let<br>
me know.]<br>
<br>
<a href="http://ccrma.stanford.edu/~tamara/publications/" target="_blank">http://ccrma.stanford.edu/~tamara/publications/</a><br>
<a href="http://www.acoustics.hut.fi/research/avesound/pubs/akusem04.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.acoustics.hut.fi/research/avesound/pubs/akusem04.pdf</a><br>
<a href="http://www.csounds.com/ezine/winter2000/realtime/" target="_blank">http://www.csounds.com/ezine/winter2000/realtime/</a><br>
<br>
I first put a tutorial on the syrinx up on my site 2 years ago<br>
after copying Hans FM/AM version from Csound to Pd and then messed<br>
with waveguide models and adding different beaks and trachea with some<br>
success.<br>
<br>
<a href="http://www.obiwannabe.co.uk/tutorials/html/tutorial_birds.html" target="_blank">http://www.obiwannabe.co.uk/tutorials/html/tutorial_birds.html</a><br>
<br>
But the one thing kept evading me, squawking birds. Oscines are singing birds<br>
with a highly developed syrinx, and those are the ones everybody studies and<br>
tries to emulate. Turns out oscines are the easier ones to create. But "working<br>
class birds", crows, pigeons, ducks and seagulls are a different problem.<br>
I live by the sea and when they're not stealing my chips, seagulls fly by<br>
my room taunting me saying "come on then.. make a seagull sound!", but I could<br>
never work it out. Seagulls 1: Andy 0<br>
<br>
Well I fixed that, I think.<br>
Thanks to some papers by these chaps, Suthers, Fee and Fletcher<br>
it was time to have another look at the syrinx.<br>
<br>
<a href="http://www.indiana.edu/~songbird/pubs/publications_index.html" target="_blank">http://www.indiana.edu/~songbird/pubs/publications_index.html</a><br>
<a href="http://web.mit.edu/fee/Public/Publications/Fee_etal1998.pdf" target="_blank">http://web.mit.edu/fee/Public/Publications/Fee_etal1998.pdf</a><br>
<br>
Starting with Tamaras pressure analysis again I decided to start making each<br>
bronchus separately as a pulse source then feed an FM stage with<br>
feedback. I guess this is the same as using FM with a complex modulator, but<br>
the feedback gets a semi chaotic effect which is what Fletcher suggests is<br>
behind the squawk of birds with bigger lungs and smaller syrinx.<br>
<br>
Here's the results (with background to situate them - all<br>
synthetic scenery as usual)<br>
<br>
First the regular oscines in a forest (with some recent insects)<br>
<a href="http://www.obiwannabe.co.uk/sounds/effect-rainforestbirds.mp3" target="_blank">http://www.obiwannabe.co.uk/sounds/effect-rainforestbirds.mp3</a><br>
<br>
Now two examples from the new model<br>
The star of this one is the duck...<br>
<a href="http://www.obiwannabe.co.uk/sounds/effect-riverbirds.mp3" target="_blank">http://www.obiwannabe.co.uk/sounds/effect-riverbirds.mp3</a><br>
<br>
And here's the seagulls (gotchya you feathered freaks!)<br>
<a href="http://www.obiwannabe.co.uk/sounds/effect-seabirds.mp3" target="_blank">http://www.obiwannabe.co.uk/sounds/effect-seabirds.mp3</a><br>
<br>
The same model can do both, so it's quite flexible. All (pure) Puredata The Pd<br>
code is still a little messy to release but it will be on the site soon or in<br>
the book maybe.<br>
<br>
Andy<br>
<font color="#888888"><br>
--<br>
Use the source<br>
<br>
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</font></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><br>-- <br>Peace may sound simple—one beautiful word— but it requires everything we have, every quality, every strength, every dream, every high ideal.<br>—Yehudi Menuhin (1916–1999), musician
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